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	<title>National Nursing Review : Nursing Study Resources &#38; Health Tips &#187; progesterone</title>
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	<link>http://nationalnursingreview.com</link>
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		<title>Anabolic Steroids</title>
		<link>http://nationalnursingreview.com/2010/01/anabolic-steroids/</link>
		<comments>http://nationalnursingreview.com/2010/01/anabolic-steroids/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 26 Jan 2010 14:12:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Exercise]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Anabolic Steroids]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dianabol]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[estrogen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[progesterone]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Steroids]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[testosterone]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://nationalnursingreview.com/?p=619</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Contrary to popular belief, steroids are not produced by the human body and steroids only varying complexity are produced by plants, animals and even primitive organisms such as fungi. Although steroids are classified based on their chemical structure, steroids can also be classified based on their role in the human body. There are essentially important [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Contrary to popular belief, steroids are not produced by the human body and steroids only varying complexity are produced by plants, animals and even primitive organisms such as fungi. Although steroids are classified based on their chemical structure, steroids can also be classified based on their role in the human body.</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-621" title="Anabolic Steroids" src="http://nationalnursingreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/ananolicsteroidsbodybuilding.jpg" alt="Anabolic Steroids" width="224" height="222" /></p>
<p>There are essentially important sex steroids `Three &#8216;produced in the human body: progesterone, estrogen and testosterone, the three are known as hormones, but are commonly essentially steroids. The three steroids mentioned above are produced by males and females in different amounts, and have different functions.<br />
Anabolic steroid <a href="http://www.isteroids.com/steroids/Dianabol.html" target="_blank">Dianabol</a> has the ability to help determine muscle and strength in a relatively short period.This is now retorno and his remarkable ability to increase muscle and strength through anti-proteolytic, that science and the real world suggests that it may be more important for muscle growth global direct anabolic activity, synthesis of protein and only World Class Nutrition ricavo.<span id="more-619"></span><br />
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This new bodybuilding supplement is not a medicine. It is a powerful combination of precision of brandy herbal extracts that present an approach to multiple aspects to building muscle and fat loss through the largest selection of metabolic pathways. And because these pathways are not hormonal, with mechanisms that report earnings in the permanent muscle andstrength.<br />
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Where to <a href="http://www.isteroids.com/" target="_blank">buy steroids</a>, which is the best place to <a href="http://www.isteroids.com/Legal_Steroids.html" target="_blank">buy steroids online</a>? Hundreds of stores online anabolic steroids populate the Internet and you can browse through their products and decide which ones you can get huge and shredded in no time at all. But there are things you must do first before you buy anabolic steroids online. First, buy anabolic steroids online only sites you know or you have had with the plea agreement. If this is not possible and you buy anabolic steroids for a site for the first time, pay attention while there are many scam sites out there. The site should only require personal information necessary to fulfill your purchase any goods &#8211; this is particularly important in your buying anabolic steroids because the drugs are planned.</p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Ovaries</title>
		<link>http://nationalnursingreview.com/2009/12/ovaries/</link>
		<comments>http://nationalnursingreview.com/2009/12/ovaries/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Dec 2009 06:15:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Endocrinology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Androgens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cybernines]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Estrogens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hormones estrogen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ovarian hormone cycle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ovarian hormones]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ovarian inhibin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ovaries]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[progesterone]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://nationalnursingreview.com/?p=531</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Ovarian endocrine function is devolved to the follicle cells surrounding the oocyte during its development and from which will form the corpus luteum. As the gamete formation, the endocrine function of the ovary is cyclical secretion of ovarian hormones occurs at a pace that is superimposed on the reproductive cycle. Ovarian castration has different effects [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Ovarian endocrine function is devolved to the follicle cells surrounding the oocyte during its development and from which will form the corpus luteum.<br />
As the gamete formation, the endocrine function of the ovary is cyclical secretion of ovarian hormones occurs at a pace that is superimposed on the reproductive cycle.<br />
Ovarian castration has different effects depending on the age at which it is used:</p>
<ul>
<li>before puberty, it causes the persistence of infant genital tract, absence of puberty, obesity;</li>
<li>After puberty, it causes regression of the genital tract, mitigation of secondary sexual characteristics, the suppression of reproductive function cycle arrest genital obesity.</li>
<li>The administration of ovarian hormones corrects the effects of castration. At excessive doses, they cause the child early development of the genital tract and its annexes.</li>
</ul>
<p>The ovary secretes four groups of hormones estrogen, progesterone, a small amount of androgens and the group of inhibin and cybernines. Unlike other hormones, inhibin and cybernines are not steroid.<span id="more-531"></span><br />
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<p><strong>Estrogens.</strong><br />
They are three in number, produced by cells of the theca interna; estradiol, the most active, estrone and estriol<br />
Their physiological actions are as follows;</p>
<ul>
<li>actions on the reproductive tract and sexual characteristics;</li>
<ul>
<li>they lead hypercontractility horns;</li>
<li>
at the uterine body, they promote the development of uterine muscle and endometrium;</li>
<li>in the vagina, they cause the appearance on the smear of surface cells;</li>
<li>in the breast they cause hypertrophy of the mammary gland;</li>
</ul>
<li>metabolic actions, estrogen promotes the calcium binding protein on the frame of bone and lean early growth plates. They also promote fluid retention (hence problems with osteoporosis at menopause);</li>
<li>other actions in women, estrogen facilitates the development of fibroids and cancers of the breast in humans, they cause atrophy of sex organs (penis, epididymis, seminal vesicles), a decrease of spermatogenesis and production testosterone.</li>
</ul>
<p>
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Estrogens, partly destroyed by the liver, are mainly excreted through urine as estriol.</p>
<p><strong>Progesterone.</strong><br />
It is developed outside of pregnancy by the granulosa cells (yellow body), and during pregnancy by the placenta.<br />
The physiological role of progesterone focuses on the preparation and maintenance of pregnancy and the destruction of the corpus luteum in early pregnancy leads to stop it.<br />
It exerts its action;</p>
<ul>
<li>genital tract;</li>
<ul>
<li>level of the uterus, it softens the muscle where it inhibits uterine contractions, and it complements the action of estrogens on the mucosa.</li>
<li>
in the vagina, it changes the appearance of smears (the appearance of cells Plicata);</li>
<li>in the breast, she enlarged mammary glands;</li>
</ul>
<li>during pregnancy, it inhibits the contractility of the uterus and prevents the expulsion of the ovum.</li>
<li>Other activities: it facilitates the metabolism of estrogen and has an elevation of temperature.</li>
</ul>
<p>Progesterone is excreted in urine as pregnanediol.<br />
It now manufactures synthetic progestins, which, by blocking ovulation, are used for contraceptive purposes.</p>
<p><strong>Androgens.</strong><br />
The ovary secretes a small amount of androgen secreted primarily by the ovarian stroma.<br />
They act primarily on the pubic and axillary hair.<br />
<strong><br />
Inhibin and cybernines</strong><br />
The ovarian inhibin has similar actions at the pituitary and hypothalamus that testicular inhibin. In the ovary, inhibin is involved in follicular maturation.<br />
Cybernines modulate the actions of FSH and LH in the follicle. Several cybernines are currently known:.<br />
The study of ovarian hormones showed some secretory specialization of the different constituents of ovarian parenchyma since:</p>
<ul>
<li>the theca cells secrete estrogen;</li>
<li>the granulosa cells secrete progesterone, inhibin and cybernines;</li>
<li>Finally, the stromal cells develop ovarian androgens.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>The ovarian hormone cycle.</strong><br />
From the first to fourteenth day cycle: follicular maturation occurs under the influence of FSH secreted by the pituitary gland. The secretion of pituitary FSH is itself triggered by a hypothalamic control center that develops a hormone called LHRH. which stimulates the pituitary secretion. The hypothalamic control center has a cyclical activity and its secretion is dependent on circulating estrogen levels and the secretion of inhibin and cybernines.<br />
As and when the maturation of the follicle, its cells secrete estrogen which increases the rate throughout this period. Estrogens cause changes in uterine and vaginal mucous membranes studied in the previous chapter. They also act on LHRH secretion which in turn causes the secretion of pituitary LH;<br />
In the fourteenth day of the cycle, the secretion of pituitary LH peaked determines spawning ovular;<br />
During the second half cycle, the activity of the corpus luteum is controlled by the pituitary gland secretion of F. SH is lower and the LH is dominant, taking under its control hormonal secretion of the corpus luteum. It simultaneously secretes estradiol and progesterone and the association controls the transformation of endometrium (uterine lace) and vagina. The closure of these different hormonal secretions marks the end of the cycle and the onset of the rules. Atrophy of the corpus luteum is under periodic dependence of inhibitor binding LH receptors.<br />
During the second half cycle, there is also a secretion of pituitary prolactin explains congestion premenstrual breast but does not affect the course of the ovarian hormone cycle. In contrast, during pregnancy, prolactin secretion increases dramatically which determines the changes of pregnancy-the mammary gland and, subsequently, postpartum lactogenesis.<br />
The onset of ovarian activity occurs at puberty in hypothalamic-pituitary control, and that the emergence of endocrine secretions of the ovary is responsible for changes in the reproductive tract and the appearance of characters secondary sex.<br />
The cessation of ovarian endocrine activity takes place about fifty years it is menopause. </p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Breast-milk excretion before birth</title>
		<link>http://nationalnursingreview.com/2009/11/breast-milk-excretion-before-birth/</link>
		<comments>http://nationalnursingreview.com/2009/11/breast-milk-excretion-before-birth/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 18 Nov 2009 12:52:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Motherhood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[alveoli]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[areola]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[breast milk excretion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[estrogen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pituitary prolactin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[progesterone]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://nationalnursingreview.com/?p=370</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Breast milk is produced from a unique type of glands located in the body of a woman named as mammary glands. These glands are a rich capillary network connection connective and fatty tissues in the interior of the breast. Milk is produced in small groups of fat cells or pouch-like glands called alveoli. These cells [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Breast milk is produced from a unique type of glands located in the body of a woman named as mammary glands. These glands are a rich capillary network connection connective and fatty tissues in the interior of the breast. Milk is produced in small groups of fat cells or pouch-like glands called alveoli.</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-371" title="pregnancy" src="http://nationalnursingreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/pregnancy-200x300.jpg" alt="pregnancy" width="200" height="300" /></p>
<p>These cells are connected to milk ducts through which milk passes and stored breast milk or reservoirs. These deposits are located just behind the pigmented area around the nipple called the areola.<span id="more-370"></span><br />
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However, milk supply is not a supply and demand process. Milk production in the mammary gland begins long before the mother gives birth to a child. During pregnancy, milk production is mainly controlled by the endocrine system. Alveoli are developed inside the breast, once they are stimulated by hormones. The hormones that stimulate the development of the alveoli include estrogen, progesterone, pituitary prolactin, and placental lactogen.<br />
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All these hormones are produced during the second trimester of pregnancy.<br />
While estrogen stimulates growth and cell formation in the alveoli and milk ducts, progesterone regulates the production of milk during pregnancy. Increased levels of progesterone helps to maintain low milk volume at the time of pregnancy. Alveolar cells respond to milk after stimulating the secretion of prolactin from the pituitary gland located within the brain. Oxytocin is another hormone that occurs at birth and is necessary for milk-ejection reflex to occur.<br />
The production of colostrum in mothers usually occurs in two stages, a process known as lactogenesis. While lactation-I started late in the second quarter, lactation-II starts after 48 hours of labor.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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