National Nursing Review : Nursing Study Resources & Health Tips

Definition:Any that alteration in the metabolism of carbohydrates that are first detected during pregnancy.
• Inadequate adaptation to insulin resistance that occurs in pregnancy.
• Includes a small group of pregnant women with diabetes mellitus type I or II not previously diagnosed.

• The association of diabetes and pregnancy has a frequency between 1 and 5%, varying in relation to the population analyzed by geographic area and the diagnostic criteria used
• Represents about 90% of pregnant women with diabetes and high risk obstetric conditions if not diagnosed or not treated properly
Physiology
First Quarter:
• There is hyperplasia of cls. pancreatic beta and increased sensitivity of these to glucose, the effect of estrogen and progesterone
• Increased sensitivity to insulin action at peripheral level
Consequence: Decreased fasting and postprandial glycemia away

Pathophysiologic
• High resistance to insulin of the same magnitude in normal pregnant women and diabetes, but is three times greater than that observed outside pregnancy.
• Predominantly located in the muscle tissue and is mediated by the cellular effects produced by placental hormones, especially placental lactogen and free cortisol.
Gestational Diabetes
It is usually asymptomatic disease and therefore must be sought dirigidamente. (more…)

I-Anatomy
A-The lung parenchyma:
The alveoli secrete a film of fluid, including the surfactant, which has a large mechanical function: Indeed, by capillary action, they prevent the cells collapses at the end. At the epithelium, there are several types of cells pneumocytaires and macrocytic. The interstitium it is made up of cells and fibers with role structure.
The parenchyma has many functions: This is where we place the gas exchange, the destruction of certain molecules, their conversion (eg, angiotensin in angiotensinogen by the enzyme conversion) and a role Immune presence in number of alveolar macrophages.

B-vascularization:
There are two blood circulation in the lungs: the first is provided by the bronchial vessels (arteries and veins, bronchial) and provide the organ of oxygen and substances necessary for its operation. The second, consisting of veins and pulmonary arteries serves the function of gas exchange. (more…)