National Nursing Review : Nursing Study Resources & Health Tips

Syphilis is a complex sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Described for the first time in the sixteenth century and is believed to have been imported from the Americas after the first trip of the Spaniards. In industrialized countries, the incidence of syphilis began to decline towards the end of 1800, only to have another peak after the First World War.

After the War, thanks to the availability of effective diagnostic methods and treatment with antibiotics, the disease was reduced further, but recently its incidence is rising again in both developing countries and in some European countries. With an annual incidence of 12 million new cases in the world, syphilis is, after AIDS, sexually transmitted infection with the highest mortality rate.

Syphilis is an infection that causes genital ulcers and abrasions and facilitates the transmission of HIV. It develops in several stages, each characterized by different symptoms and course. Since some stages of the disease have a long course with no obvious clinical manifestations, can be a progressive development in the absence of diagnosis and therapy. If not properly treated, syphilis can cause damage to nerves and arteries, mental disorder and death. With a simple diagnostic test and the high efficiency antibioticoterapia, is now an infection potentially controllable by public health systems.

Primary syphilis
Between infection and the onset of symptoms can change from 10 to 90 days (median 20 days). This first stage is characterized by the appearance of a single wound (or chancre chancre) or from multiple pustules. Usually the wound is large, round, small and painless and appears at the point where the infection is bacterial. This injury takes 3-6 weeks and heals on its own. If the infection is not treated at this stage, it evolves towards the secondary stage. (more…)

Known since antiquity, tuberculosis has markedly decreased since the discovery of BCG vaccine in 1921 by Calmette-Guerin, and the marketing of anti-TB antibiotics. However, current data are being modified with the HIV pandemic, with recrudescence cases, especially in Africa and the USA.

A – Physiopathology:
TB originates in the tubercle bacillus (Mycobacterium tuberculosis or bovis africanum), discovered in the late nineteenth century. It is a bacillus, alcoholics, and acid resistant. It is conveyed by saliva droplets, especially during coughing, its mode of transmission is air, and the first inoculation is an inoculation chancre in paremchyme lung.

This primary infection is either overt or latent.
Primo latent infection: Totally asymptomatic, she rose with a TST in the IDR (Intra Dermo reaction) in a non-vaccinated.
Primary patent infection: There is a weakening of the condition, with weight loss and fatigue, accompanied by a cough and a fever, and chest X-ray shows the inoculation chancre.

TB disease is then said during a lung infection to BK, following the primary infection or exogenous reinfection, or, more commonly, endogenous reactivation of existing organization infected.

Risk Factors:

1. extreme ages of life
2. Immunosuppression, faisaint following a pathology (HIV) or consequence of treatment (chemotherapy, high dose corticosteroids.

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Obesity brings with it many problems Health as diabetes, hypertension, high levels of bad cholesterol and also people who are obese are likely to develop the so-called Syndrome Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

The apnea is a period of time during sleep when breathing is interrupted between 10 and 30 seconds. This can take the person to situations of danger heart attacks or strokes.

According to experts such events can happen about four times a night. In these situations the person will not rust through so right and so other mechanisms come into play such as tachycardia and hypertension, all intimately related to vascular problems, cardiac and neuronal.

Generally, people who suffer from this problem often snore though this is not necessarily a sign indicating that it suffers from obstructive apnea. (more…)

The yoga is recommended to help alleviate some problems, since in practice including meditation and movement, and stretching soft. Today it was discovered that the Yoga may relieve symptoms Fibromyalgia, a chronic pain syndrome among other things brings fatigue and chronic fatigue.

A study by the Health and Science University of Oregon in Portland Formed two groups of 25 women each, all diagnosed with fibromyalgia, the members of one group were told they had to take a yoga class for two hours once a week for eight weeks and forming the other group were told to continue their normal routine of treatment. (more…)

The back injury that is the forward slip of one vertebra over another is known as spondylolisthesis, usually occurs in children between 9 and 14 years as well as in athletes who undergo the backbone to much stress as in the release, wrestling, dance, golf, football, powerlifting, weightlifting and gymnastics.

Isthmic spondylolisthesis, which is the most common form of this condition can be caused by a faulty gene on bone formation of the vertebrae, and secondly the physical stresses applied to the vertebral column components break weak or inadequately trained, so that repeated heavy lifting, bending, or twisting can cause small fractures in the vertebral structure and cause the slippage of one vertebra over another. It is usually the fifth or last lumbar vertebra (L5) that slips past on the first sacral vertebra (S1). (more…)

In medical terms gastritis is called “peptic acid” and is caused by an injury to the mucosa of the stomach that is caused by a progressive increase of gastric acid, can be caused by many factors, but including snuff consumption is perhaps the more important.

They can also cause this disease:

• Diets rich in foods that damage the mucosa
• Contracting the bacteria Helicobacter pylori.
• The realization of long fasts that causes the body to secrete acid while not eating food.
• A constant stress in daily life (generates production of large amounts of stomach acid)
• The snuff
• Alcohol intake

However, the present one or more of these causes does not mean you should suffer from gastritis. Usually exist in the disease picture is a close relationship between two or more of these determinants which enhance one another, as stress and snuff, or prolonged fasting and alcohol. (more…)

When for any reason the penis stops spontaneous erections, it’s time to start treating the problem. Indeed, by dint of not regularly pass through this state charitable erection, the penis may lack oxygen and the risk of losing their erectile reflex, and therefore lose their elasticity, and even reduce their size.

For the same reasons doctors propose a re-education Penis active. The clearest example is when men undergo prostate surgery. When a surgeon operates on a patient’s prostate, try not to touch the nerves of erection, not to alter the sexual possibilities of the patient.

But even being among hands an excellent surgeon, for a time longer have erections. This is normal, because of the impact experienced operative. Indeed, the nerves are affected after the manipulation necessary to treat the prostate, and need time to function again properly. (more…)

Repetitive Stress Injuries (RSIs) or repetitive strain injuries occur when there is excess pressure being exerted on a particular area of the body, because of which it produces an inflammation causing pain.

It can also cause injury to muscles or tissue damage, but the reality is they are always produced when performing repetitive movements in an area of the body.

In fact, it is fairly common injury-related physical exertion. Can happen to people who use long computer keyboard and although adults are more common in adolescents can have this type of problem to use the computer for too long, playing musical instruments or playing video games. (more…)

The problem of dandruff, both men and women, has always been surrounded false “myths” or rather unscientific rumors. To remove any doubt, Hare are some advice:

What percentage of men could be said to suffer from dandruff?
Dandruff is a chronic problem common among people between 18 and 70 which affects 70% of the world population sometime during their life.

Are men more dandruff than women?
There are no scientific studies that show conclusive evidence of differences in the appearance of dandruff or frequency between men and women based on physiological differences. Dandruff affects both men and women in equal proportion. (more…)

The World Health Organization defined spasticity as the speed-dependent resistance to passive movement, this applied to human physiology is defined as the inability of some muscles to relax.

Spasticity can occur in very different clinical situations, the most important, depending on the frequency of cerebral palsy (ICP), followed distantly by cerebro-vascular accident (CVA), the multiple sclerosis (EM) can also be a consequence of severe trauma such as accidents or accidents triggered by violence, among others. (more…)