Treatment

To avoid constipation is to start by changing habits:

Diet: Diet is one of the keys to treating this condition. It is advisable to include foods high in fiber and whole grains like wheat bran, oats, prunes because they help promote digestion and metabolism. It is important to eat a good portion of fruits and vegetables during the three daily meals accompanied by protein and drink lots of water throughout the day.

Exercise: Key to eliminate toxins and counteract the effects of a sedentary lifestyle. Sports need at least three times a week and at least thirty minutes. In addition to improved cardiorespiratory system, stimulates and strengthens the digestive system especially the stomach area.

Bathing routine: Keep a schedule of entrance to the bathroom; helps accustom the intestine to take a regular habit for evacuation. You need to spend unhurried time and go because otherwise the reflection is suppressed and there is another episode of constipation.

Laxatives: If possible avoid taking laxatives unless prescribed by a doctor. To the extent that the body adjusts to external factors to induce the evacuation, the syndrome may suffer sluggish bowel and limit the functions of the digestive system.

Anise Nuts provide a spectacular touch as this plant is due to its aromatic presence of anethole, a compound that is also beyond its particular aroma, a sweet taste. It is proven that anethole has more sweetening power than sugar.

This compound also present in other plants such as fennel, tarragon and basil, and are widely used in cooking, especially in Spain, there are bagels and rolls characteristics of anise, and in England, aniseed balls are made inside which keeps part of the whole fruit of this plant, as well as other countries where everyone has their own recipe for baked goods with this plant with many benefits.

The mixture of seeds and fresh leaves of anise is used to flavor dishes with meat, and can even use the leaves for seasoning salads and seize all their properties. On the other hand uses beyond that usually given to anise in the kitchen, it also used for preparations of drinks, where you get them by the fruits distilled alcohol vapor and drag the essence and proceeds to mix components other, the most famous quote to anisette, pastis, and is also used to prepare some types of vermouth.

Good digestion is the basic condition necessary for good health, a nice slim line and a constant. And digestion which allows to food properly fulfills their function, the regular renewal of cell tissue, good quality blood to circulate in the blood vessels, regulate the metabolism of glands.

Poor digestion is the cause of an endless list of ailments and diseases, stomach pain, bloating, gas, constipation, ulcers, diarrhea, etc.. Good digestion is given first and foremost a well balanced healthy diet, good habits and the pace of the meal. A sick animal refuses food and rest; we should learn to imitate him too.

Instead we usually just do the opposite. To digest well before meals can relax walking, listening to music and do some breathing exercises. Put most of the food on the table, so as not having to get up ten times during the meal. First of all, sit down, there’s nothing more to digest a meal done quickly standing in the kitchen.

You must dedicate the necessary time to eat, whether you are at home or in the company of your friends. Leave aside the concerns, and have pleasant conversations and calming, without discussions or nervousness. Keep straight and you have a table at the right height so as not to compress the stomach with poor posture.

If you are also often suffering stomach pains, then the first thing to do is understand the cause: be careful and marked on a calendar when the pain hits you. And state after a stressful day and nerve-wracking? This is the first way to tell if this is incorrect behavior or a pathological problem.

Checked that, it changes style of life if is this your problem. First, avoid eating foods with high fat or fried frequency: stomach ache and also on the line! Try to relegate these lavish meals at weekends at best, and follow giving the week a rich diet of fruit and vegetables: your stomach will thank you!

Quit smoking and reduce the amount of alcohol with meals (and between meals). After dinner not to throw you immediately to bed, but let spend couple of hours to help digestion. If you are overweight, it’s time to seriously think about a diet: the kilos of too much stretch out to “to suffocate” the stomach and that provokes yourself the well-known heartburn.

The ulcer is caused by an imbalance between aggressive factors and the mechanisms of mucosal defense.

Epidemiology
Common chronic disease, but decreasing. Duodenal ulcer is 4 times more common than gastric. He reached the subjects of all ages. The incidence of these ulcers appears to be declining, this is related to the progressive eradication of Helicobacter pylori, the main factor for the recurrence of ulcer disease.

Risk factors.

• Heredity
• Smoking increases the risk by two because it increases acid secretion.
• Aspirin and NSAIDs because they decrease the mucosal defense.
• Alcohol
• Stress its psychological role
• The food (chewing gum).

Role IDE

1. Try to adopt a more regular lifestyle
2. Respect sleep
3. Meals at fixed times, quietly, avoiding overeating and too fat
4. Eat slowly
5. Learn to relax and unwind
6. Avoid (unless prescription) medications irritants (aspirin, NSAIDs), or prefer the anti-selective cox.
7. Avoid stimulants (coffee, alcohol, tobacco, tea), carbonated drinks, which dilate the stomach, chewing gum and eating food irritating the stomach lining (boiled sweets, fermented milk, meat, spices, spicy or acidic condiments like vinegar, acidic fruit juices).
8. Thoroughness in taking medication: the disappearance of ulcer pain by the treatment does not necessarily mean cure (often 4 to 6 weeks of treatment are required)

Diagnosis:
Guided by the clinic, it is confirmed by conducting a gastroscopy. H. pylori is found in 85% of gastric ulcers and 95% of duodenal ulcers.

Treatment and course:
Using gastric bandages, generally based on alumina gel (Maalox), and / or antisecretory / anti-acid pump inhibitors proton (IPP). If H. Pylori confirmed, antibiotic therapy is established. The ulcer may be complicated, especially heavy bleeding causing anemia or perforation requiring emergency surgery. The ulcer may develop into gastric cancer patients, but not duodenal ulcer that never develops into cancer. In some cases, surgical treatment of the ulcer may be proposed to reduce the acid attack by vagotomy.

Results:
The excretion of 8 to 40% of vitamin B12 in 24 hours is normal. A low rate of B12 marked 57 and 58 sign intestinal malabsorption, a low rate of only 58 referrals to a pernicious anemia.

• 10% of digestive cancers.
• Average age of onset.
• 70 years for women.
• 65 for men.
• Promoting role of smoking and chronic pancreatic.

Pathologists:

• 2 / 3: head of the pancreas.
• 1 / 3: tail of the pancreas.
• Rapid expansion in loco regional lymph nodes.
• Adenocarcinoma.

Clinic.

• Late discovery as long clinically silent
• Cancer of the head: cholestatic jaundice.
• Cancer of the body and tail:
  • Epigastric pain type transfixing
  • Impaired general condition.
  • Sometimes palpable epigastric mass

Imaging.

• The ultrasound examination remains the first line, revealing a poorly defined hypo echoic mass, and to highlight liver metastases. As cites may also be disclosed and demonstrate a peritoneal carcinomas.
• The echo-endoscopy is useful in diagnosing small tumors.
• Scanner.
• ERCP.

Biology:

• Markers:
• Ace: sensitivity 30 to 40%.
• CA 19-9, however, its sensitivity is low, especially in cases of small tumor. There is sometimes a more significant elevation of CA 19-9 in cases of simple cholestasis

Treatment.

• Excision: only treatment giving a greater chance of survival but is possible only in a limited number of cases with a significant risk of relapse.
• Cure:
• Pancreatectomy.
• Splenopancreatectomie left.
• Extended or regional.
• Total.




• Palliative treatment:
• Deviation bilio-digestive anastomosis between the gallbladder bile duct and duodenum.
• Deviation digestive: gastro-jejunostomy.
• Prosthetics biliaire.dpc
• Results of surgical treatment:
• Duodena-cephalic pancreatectomy: 5-year survival = 20% for complete resection. 1 to 4% survival at 5 years from the diagnosis
• Palliative: survival <1 year.
• Other treatments:
• Palliative treatment: radiotherapy, chemotherapy.
• Adjuvant treatment: radiotherapy + chemotherapy after complete resection.

The pancreatic endocrine tumors:
Less than 10% of all pancreatic tumors.
They develop from:

• Cells of islets of Langerhans = pancreatic endocrine cells normally present.
• Cells normally missing from the endocrine pancreas after a few weeks of life of the newborn.
• Benign or malignant.

Acute gastritis
This acute inflammation of the gastric wall with inflammatory lesions and endoscopic atrophic, there are:

• gastritis drug are the most common: they are ulcerative and hemorrhagic
• gastritis Stress during severe surgical diseases (acute renal failure, …), serious infections and severe burns,
• gastritis, herpes virus CMV frequent since the advent of AIDS,
• gastritis by ingestion of caustic accompanied by ulceration and hemorrhagic necrosis.

Clinique
Gastritis are very different and may be a characteristic ulcer syndrome, atypical epigastric pain or gastrointestinal bleeding revealing.

Treatment
It is based on the decision of the causative agent and the use of antacids and PPIs (the proton pump)

Chronic gastritis
1. Atrophic gastritis disease Bierne
It is an autoimmune disease, resulting in a achlorydie a lack of secretion of intrinsic factor, essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 (at the ileum). This disease causes anemia associated with neurological disorders.
Diagnosis: macrocytic anemia (large GR), the casing achlorydie gastric fundic atrophy on biopsy and fall of vitamin B12 in the blood.
The Schilling test is diagnostic.
Treatment is based on injection of vitamin B12 for life.

2. Hypertrophic gastritis of Menetrier
It is a rare condition revealing atypical epigastric pain. Endoscopy revealed large folds diffuse congestion and epithelial hyperplasia mucosecretante.
Biopsy of the snare allows the diagnosis.
The medical treatment is initially (PPI), then surgery because of the high risk of cancer.

3. Radiation gastritis
It develops after radiotherapy for loco-regional malignancy.

4. Gastritis toxic
It is due to alcohol, tobacco and drugs. It is a bile reflux gastritis, developed by the Helicobacter pylori. Treatment is with antibiotics, but there may be recurrences.

• Affects both sexes equally.
• The frequency decreases with the evolution of food preservation but remains high (9,000 new cases per year).
• Geographical disparity.

Risk Factors.

• Gastric lesions:
  ulcer;
  chronic gastritis;
  atrophic gastritis
  Helicobacter Pylori





• ATCD familial gastric cancer.
• Malnutrition (too fatty, too salty, spicy + +).
• Usual food preservation (smoking, curing).
• Alcohol and tobacco use, frequent use of barbecue.
• Habits “of hypercuisson” food (appearance “grilled” barbecue), beyond the Maillard reactions of creating chemical compounds do not exist in nature.

Screening and early treatment of any gastric lesions particularly if ATCD.
Adopt a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables.


The diet may also contain protective factors related to the antioxidant action of certain nutrients (Vit C, carrots, …).
Decreased consumption of salted and smoked foods.
Decrease see the consumption of alcohol and tobacco.
The reference treatment remains gastrectomy, heavy gesture to high morbidity and mortality.

The colon is a terminal portion of the digestive tract, large diameter (hence its name from the large intestine) which ensures the continuity of the digestive tract between the intestine and the anus through the rectum. It forms a framework that surrounds the abdominal cavity and small bowel loops. Its length is 1m to 1.50m and its size decreases the cecum (8cm) to the rectum (4 cm).


Once the food digested, solid waste move through the colon whose main activity consists in fluid reabsorption into the rectum and anus until they are expelled from the body.

• 2nd killer of both sexes confused.
• 2nd cancer in women after breast cancer and 2nd in men after lung cancer.
• 16,000 deaths per year including 52% among men.
• 33,000 new cases each year.

Risk Factors.

• Age: rare before 40 years, incidence and mortality increase after.
• Inheritance: genetic factor that induces a story on a vulnerability, ATCD family.
• Feeding Behavior: cancer typical of rich countries where diets are high in fat and animal protein and especially low in fiber. Excessive cooking food at high temperature, barbecues, are important factors.




• Advanced digestive diseases:
  Crohn’s disease;
  ulcerative colitis;
  polypoid lesions and to a lesser extent, diverticula ..
• The effects of physical inactivity, tobacco, alcohol, coffee, obesity must be taken into account.

Population at risk:
people with call signs (gastrointestinal disorders, blood in stool, weight loss, change in transit);
people with personal ATCD polyps or inflammatory diseases;
people with family ATCD polyps and cancers: from 45 years should consult a specialist who will make an endoscopy and / or radiological examination and regular examinations, which will be renewed at regular intervals.
asymptomatic population: it is the majority of people is from 45 years to be vigilant.
The benchmark treatment is surgical excision of the tumor, possibly associated with chemotherapy and / or radiotherapy.