Inflammation of lung bronchioles. It may be due to an acute viral infection, often very serious in infants.
Etiology:
The viruses are primarily responsible for respiratory infections in infants and small children. The broncho-pneumonia are often epidemic.
Viruses are implicated in the majority of RSV (Respiratory Virus Syncicial) and influenza viruses and adenoviruses.

Bronchiolitis

Note the notion of repeated infections caused by a deficiency of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG). Other factors may encourage respiratory infections: passive smoking, pollution, community development, psychological factors (overprotection of the mother anguish …), gastro-esophageal reflux. The hereditary factor is not negligible: the existence of an allergic component with an atopic family plot (often in association with skin reactions).


Clinic:

  • Type asthmatic dyspnea with rapid onset, especially at night.
  • Distended thorax
  • Expiatory wheezing
  • Getting inspiring game accessories
  • Acceleration of respiratory rate (> 60 cycles / min)
  • Dry Cough
  • Eating for disturbance, vomiting
  • fever (unsystematic)
  • fatigability

With treatment, favorable changes in the 5 to 6 days.

Treatment:

  • bronchodilators (salbutamol)
  • corticosteroids orally or by aerosol
  • antibiotic therapy in cases of super infection
  • Oxygen reserved for severe attacks



Physiotherapy:
It should not be too early: wait secreting phase of the disease (24 to 48h). During the dry phase, help the infant to exhale through gentle exercises to relax the chest. Then intervene bronchial drainage sessions themselves:

  • release of the upper airway, disinfection nasopharyngeal
  • trimming or naso-pharyngeal suction.
  • increase in expiratory flow for mobilizing secretions distal.
  • trigger cough reflex tracheal secretions to drain.

Precautions:

  • Splitting meals
  • Humidification Room
  • Elevate head of bed
  • Learning I’utilisation baby-haul
  • Donate to drink regularly
  • Trimming

Outlawing tobacco smoke. Wash hands before any contact with the infant.
Detection and evaluation of respiratory distress:

  • Excitement of NFE
  • Cyanosis lip or in the nails (blue color)
  • Position of NFE sitting knees bent in dorsal kyphosis “rabbit”
  • Shallow breathing
  • High respiratory rate (> 60 cycles / min)
  • Use of accessory inspiratory muscles (indrawing, mobilization scm)
  • Balancing thoraco-abdominal
  • Flapping wings of the nose
  • Elevated heart rate (> 140 beats / min)
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